Drug War Facts: Heroin. Assisted Treatment/Heroin Maintenance. A study of the Swiss heroin prescription program found. As to the type of offense. Not surprisingly, the most. In. accordance with self- reported and clinical data (Blaettler.
Dobler- Mikola, Steffen, & Uchtenhagen, 2. Uchtenhagen et al.. Uchtenhagen et al., 1. Consequently, their need for money. Accordingly, the drop in acquisitive crime, such. Detailed analyses indicated that the. However, no marked gender differences. Taken as a whole. This result is corroborated by. Killias et al., 2. With respect to age. As to program dropout, after one year, about a quarter. Considering the high- risk profile of the. Knowing that methadone. Thus the principal post- treatment benefit. It affects property crime. These results suggest that heroin maintenance does. There are diff erent explanations for the. Musto’s generational theory. Furthermore, incidence. Zurich. This finding is suggestive of a more similar spatial. Switzerland than for other. Heroin treatment has significantly higher response rates both in the field of health and the reduction of illicit drug use. On the face of it, giving drug addicts free heroin is a contentious move, but that is exactly what happens in Switzerland. Harm reduction (or harm. Heroin maintenance programmes. In Switzerland, heroin assisted treatment is an established programme of the national health system. According to the study protocol, evidence of the greater efficacy of heroin treatment compared to methadone maintenance treatment has thus been produced. Heroin treatment is also clearly superior to methadone treatment when focusing on patients, who fulfill the two primary outcome measures. This fact alone lends particular importance to the results in the (meanwhile worldwide) discussion of effects and benefits of heroin treatment. For the group of so- called most severely dependent patients, heroin treatment proves to be superior to the goals of methadone maintenance based on pharmacological maintenance treatment. This result should not be left without consequences. In accordance with the research results from other countries, it has to be investigated to what extent heroin- assisted treatment can be integrated into the regular treatment offers for severely ill i. This is mainly due to the intravenous form of application. The rather frequently occurring respiratory depressions and cerebral convulsions are not unexpected and can easily be clinically controlled. Overall, the mortality rate was low during the first study phase, and no death occurred with a causal relationship with the study medication. Compared to much higher health risks related to the i. Nevertheless, a few countries. UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Iceland, Malta, Canada. Switzerland, continue to use heroin (diamorphine) for general. Until recently, however, Britain was the only. EMCDDA report presents latest evidence on heroin- assisted treatment for hard- to- treat opioid users. A small population of chronic heroin users, once thought to be . In a new report out today from the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA), experts describe the development as . The report, New heroin- assisted treatment, provides the first state- of- the- art overview of research on the subject, examining the latest evidence and clinical experience in this area in Europe and internationally (1). The prescription of substitution drugs (e. But a small minority of entrenched opioid users repeatedly fails to respond to interventions of this kind. Findings from international trials now suggest that the supervised use of medicinal heroin can be an effective second- line treatment for this small, and previously unresponsive, group. Our purpose in doing this is not to advocate, but to inform. We hope that this report will help policymakers and practitioners draw their own conclusions about this type of treatment within their own national context’. Included in the report are the findings of a review on heroin- assisted treatment by the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group, along with the results of a meta- analysis of key studies undertaken. The Cochrane Collaboration is the world’s leading institution in promoting evidence- based healthcare via systematic reviews of evidence. Supervised injectable heroin (SIH) treatment was first introduced in Switzerland in the mid- 1. The new approach was a step on from prescribing heroin to addicts without supervision, practised in the US in the early 2. UK throughout that century. Over the last 1. 5 years, six countries, within and beyond Europe, have tried and tested this clinical approach (2). As a result, SIH treatment is now legally available to long- term, refractory opioid users in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and Switzerland, while in Spain and Canada it is permitted in the context of research trials only. In 2. 01. 1, some 2 5. SIH treatment in the EU and Switzerland (Table 6). SIH treatment is delivered under direct medical supervision to ensure safety and to prevent diversion of diacetylmorphine (medicinal heroin) to the illicit market. Provided in specialised clinics, open year- round, it aims to reduce patients’ use of . Findings show that SIH treatment can lead to: the . Although mortality was found to be similar for the patients in SIH and MMT, the risk of adverse events, such as fatal overdoses, was higher, underlining the need for emergency training for clinical teams. Although the group treated through this method is small, it is one in which the negative consequences of long- term drug use are pronounced. Treating these individuals effectively has the potential to impact positively on the costs associated with drug dependence’. Economic evaluations carried out in three countries (Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands) report the costs of an SIH maintenance programme to be between EUR 1. EUR 2. 0 4. 00 per patient per year, considerably higher than the cost of MMT (estimated at between EUR 1 6. EUR 3 5. 00 per patient per year). But the trials show that the higher cost of SIH treatment in this highly problematic target group is compensated for by . Societal savings per person per year in SIH treatment were estimated at EUR 1. Netherlands, EUR 1. Switzerland and EUR 6 0. Germany. According to the report: . Future studies could investigate the longer- term outcome of SIH patients, different routes of administration of diacetylmorphine (intranasal, oral) or other injectable opioid medications. A trial of SIH treatment was launched in Belgium in 2.
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